Check your exhaust system. Fords of that era often had double wall tubing, and the inner wall can collapse, restricting flow. Any cylinder head ever built will flow more than enough to rev up without acting like your engine does. I've seen cars act like that from mouse nests in the muffler, and from collapsed mufflers, too.
A buddy put a 425 Olds in a '65 Impala and used the single exhaust for the 283, just to get it on the road. It ran much like yours, but worse. Hold it to the floor and it would actually stall, then shoot flame out the carb as the pressure released.